Evaluation: The eye doctor and specialist nurse will examine all the medical records that you carry including the fitness documents. They will ask you a few questions regarding your general health and allergy. They will make sure you have been accompanied by a bystander.
Giving consent (permission): We want to involve you in all the decisions about your care and treatment. If you decide to go ahead with the test, you will be asked to sign a consent form that says you have agreed to the treatment and that you understand the benefits, risks and alternatives. If there is anything you don’t understand or you need more time to think about it, please tell the staff caring for you. Intravenous cannula: A small tube will be placed into a vein in your arm. This is called an intravenous cannula. The fluorescein dye will be injected later through into the bloodstream. Also, this serves as a way to inject medications in case of any allergy later.
Test dose: Fluorescein dye may cause allergy in some individuals. Therefore a diluted form of the drug is tested for drug allergy. A small amount of the drug is injected into the left forearm skin and you will be watched for itching and signs of allergy. FFA procedure will be done only after the allergy testing is negative. Though commonly not as allergic as fluorescein dye, indocyanine green dye is avoided in those with iodine hypersensitivity and advanced renal disease. Dilatation: You will have eye drops put in to dilate your pupils (make them bigger). The drops will give us a clearer view of the retina at the back of the eye (also known as the fundus).

Eye injections are used to administer medications to treat a variety of retinal conditions. They are called intravitreal injections because they are injected into the vitreous cavity of the eye. The common injections include a group of agents called anti-VEGF agents, steroids and antibiotics. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion are the most common conditions treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs. The common intravitreal drugs that we use include Ranibizumab ( LUCENTIS, ACCENTRIX, RAZUMAB), Aflibercept (EYLEA), Brolucizumab ( PAGENAX). Intravitreal steroids like triamcinolone and dexamethasone (OZURDEX) are used in some eyes with diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion and uveitis. The anti-VEGF drugs and steroids help to reduce fluid leakage associated with these disorders. Intravitreal injections often need to be repeated in conditions such as AMD, diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusions, which require frequent injections. Repeat injections are usually safely tolerated over several years. We do not prefer the use of Bevacizumab (AVASTIN) considering the risk of eye infections with spurious preparations in the market. Safety has been our priority over the years. The need for an eye injection for a retinal disease is determined during the clinical examination by the retinal physician. Often the retinal physician resorts to investigations like OCT to decide on repeat injections. The nursing staff may advise you to undergo an OCT scan before you visit the doctor after previous injection. Sometimes FFA/ICG angiography or OCT angiography may have to be done.
PREPARING FOR EYE INJECTIONS
Make sure you have met the counsellor at the surgery fixing centre. Make sure you get the date of injection handwritten.
Please confirm if you need any special fitness or approval Make sure that you understand what drops to use before the surgery. Before you come in for your injection you will need to administer the eye drops already prescribed.
The drop given is the antibiotic drops that need to be instilled on the day prior to injection and on the morning of injection. To give the drops enough time to work you need to start using the drop ONE hour before your appointment time on the day of your operation. Please remember to wash your hands before and after you put in your drops. The last drop can be administered upon arrival at the hospital. Once you undergo the procedure you will not be able to travel alone, please make necessary arrangements for your travel to the hospital and back.

Make sure you have met the counsellor at the surgery fixing centre. Make sure you get the date of injection handwritten.
Please confirm if you need any special fitness or approval
Make sure that you understand what drops to use before the surgery.
Before you come in for your injection you will need to administer the eye drops already prescribed.
The drop given is the antibiotic drops that need to be instilled on the day prior to injection and on the morning of injection.
To give the drops enough time to work you need to start using the drop ONE hour before your appointment time on the day of your operation.
Please remember to wash your hands before and after you put in your drops.
The last drop can be administered upon arrival at the hospital.
Once you undergo the procedure you will not be able to travel alone, please make necessary arrangements for your travel to the hospital and back.

Please arrive promptly at the hospital for your surgery, at the specified time. Please take care to plan your journey to avoid unexpected traffic and delays. You will need to check-in at the reception desk when you arrive. You will be directed to the Injection clinic where the initial preparation is planned. A nurse/ optometrist will check all the records and the investigations. This includes ocular and other investigations if applicable and fitness documents. They will ensure that your eyes are sufficiently dilated for the procedure. You will undergo basic evaluation including recording blood pressure and pulse. You may also have your blood sugar level checked if you are diabetic. A nurse will confirm which eye is being injected and will mark your forehead with a sticker over the corresponding eyebrow or mark an arrow using a special disposable pen. A retinal surgeon will meet you and clarify things. The doctor may check your eyes and see you if you have any redness or discharge. You may have to change into a theatre gown from your street clothes. You will be asked to hand over your belongings to the bystander for safe keeping whilst you are going for the injection. You will be taken to the operating room by the assistant. If you need a wheelchair, please ask for one.

Please arrive promptly at the hospital for your surgery, at the specified time. Please take care to plan your journey to avoid unexpected traffic and delays. You will need to check-in at the reception desk when you arrive. You will be directed to the inpatient services where the initial preparation is planned. A nurse/ optometrist will check all the records and the investigations. This includes ocular and other investigations like blood tests, ECG, XRAY if applicable and fitness documents. They will ensure that your eyes are sufficiently dilated for surgery. Additional drops may be instilled if needed. Eyelashes may be clipped in some surgeries. You will undergo basic evaluation including recording temperature, blood pressure and pulse. You may also have your blood sugar level checked if you are diabetic. A nurse will confirm which eye is being operated on and will mark your forehead with a sticker over the corresponding eyebrow or mark an arrow using a special disposable pen. The ward doctor may meet you and clarify things. The ward doctor may see you if you have any redness or discharge as identified by the nurse. An identification wristband will be provided. A test dose of the local anaesthetic agent will be given. A small amount of the drug is injected into the left forearm skin and you will be watched for itching and signs of allergy. You may have to change into a theatre gown from your street clothes. Please remember to use the restroom as vitreoretinal surgeries may be long and may take 1-2 hrs to complete. You will be asked to hand over your belongings to the bystander for safekeeping whilst you are undergoing surgery. You will be taken to the operating room by the assistant. If you need a wheelchair, please ask for one.

You will be taken to the surgical reception zone. The nursing orderly will confirm the details of surgery from the records, perform a quick check on the eye to be operated, investigations are done and provide you with a cap and a protective legging. She will instil betadine eye drops for sterilising the eye to be operated on. You will next be taken to the Anesthetic zone. The anaesthesia assistant will help you onto a trolley, where you will be lying flat. The anaesthetist will see you here and after a quick evaluation and record perusal prepare you for the ocular anaesthesia. Initially, an intravenous cannula will be placed in your forearm region or where suitable vein access is possible. The skin around your eyes will be sterilized with iodine swabs. Your eye will be anaesthetized with an injection given around the eye. Though this procedure may be painful initially, as soon as the anaesthetic agent works you will feel no pain. The anaesthetist may check your eye movements and may add more injections. He will massage your eyes gently after the local anaesthesia. Please understand that eye surgeries are done under local anaesthesia wherein you will not feel any eye pain but you will be wide awake and can hear the surgeons and nursing assistants while at work. You will be then be shifted into the main operating room. You will have to lie down flat on the operating table. Monitors will be connected to record your pulse, blood pressure and oxygen concentration. Oxygen by nasal prongs will be given in addition as your face will be covered by a sterile sheet during surgery. Though you may at first feel a little claustrophobic, you will feel comfortable later on. Taking deep breaths will relieve anxiety and convince you that your breath is not restricted. The surgical nurse and the whole surgical team will confirm with you your name and eye to be operated on. She will then use betadine solution to paint the region of the face and eye that is to be operated on. She will also instil betadine drops into the eye. She will then stick the sterile drape around the eye The surgeon takes over from here and performs the surgery. The usual surgical time may vary from an hour to 2 hrs. You will be conscious and can hear the surgical team talking and the hum of the operating machine and the beep of the monitors. Try to stay relaxed and take a short nap. Do not indulge in any unnecessary conversation. Because the temperature in the operating room needs to be maintained at 21’c you may feel cold. Warmers will be provided if you need them while operating. If you have any discomfort or pain, do let the surgical team know about it. The surgeon will tell you when your operation is finished. He may also give you some instructions to follow. The instructions will also be shared with you and bystanders later when you reach the room. Your eye will then be dressed with a protective shield. You will be helped off the trolley and staff will take you to the post-operative zone. The nurse in the postoperative zone will monitor your general health parameters and check you are feeling well enough to leave the operating theatre complex.

When you reach the inpatient services in your room, the nursing staff will convey the post-operative instructions as directed by the surgeon. This will include how to lie down and what medications to use. The nurse will instil eye drops and oral medications or injections as advised by the surgeon. Some patients may have pain or vomiting in the immediate post-operative period and may need additional medicines or physician consultation. There is no restriction on food to be taken. Diabetics should however take care of maintaining a diabetic diet. All the previous medications used by the patient can be taken unless specified otherwise. Patients need to maintain the head position as specified by the surgeon and nursing staff. The surgeon’s assistant will see the patient the next day morning and check the eye condition and check the eye pressure. The operating surgeon will then see the patient subsequently and advise regarding discharge and medication use. He will give instructions regarding post-operative care, positioning and the next follow up. The nursing staff will also advise regarding how to use the medications, how to clean the eye, how to maintain position and share general instructions regarding eye care. The discharge process will be completed in an hour’s time after the doctor sees you. A discharge sheet will be given with all the necessary information. Please refer to the discharge sheet in case of any doubt regarding medications, instructions or follow up visits. The discharge sheet also contains all the relevant information about the disease condition and surgery done. This document can be used if in need, to see a general physician/ surgeon for other general health problems.

After your operation, we will give you eye drops to reduce any inflammation and to prevent infection. We will explain how and when you should use them. It is normal to feel itching and have sticky eyelids and mild discomfort (gritty sensation due to the stitches) in the operated eye for five to ten days following retinal detachment surgery. Please don’t rub your eye as this may increase infection and lead to complications. Your vision may be blurry or dark and the eye will take a few weeks, usually 2-4 weeks to settle and vision to stabilize. You may see a dark shadow in the lower part of the field in the second and third weeks after surgery if you have undergone surgery with gas injection. It is entirely normal and would go away spontaneously. Your sight will continue to improve slowly over several months. You will be given corrective glasses later which could improve your vision further. Your final vision will depend on the nature of your original detached retina. If we diagnose and treat it quickly and successfully, most of your central vision will be restored. If the eye already has poor central vision, when we diagnose a detached retina, we might not be able to restore all of your central sights. You will be given an appointment, usually seven days after surgery or before depending on the expected post-operative recovery. The next examination after that will be planned usually at 2 weekly intervals. Usually, no suture removal is necessary. Sometimes loose sutures if applied, may have to be removed.

Your surgeon will advise you if it is necessary for you to posture, and in which position you will need to maintain. Most vitreoretinal surgeries need patients to lie prone- i.e lie on their stomach with chin placed on a pillow. Alternatively, you may be allowed to sit face down. The usual time required is 12-18 hrs in a day. Your surgeon will tell you how strict you will have to be and advise you regarding alternate comfortable positions.

You should avoid rubbing or touching your eye. You might find you are sensitive to light, so it is useful to have a pair of plain dark glasses in case you need them. Use the ‘plastic green eye shield’ provided during sleep. This protects your eye in the event of an inadvertent tilt of the head on the side of the operated eye. Avoid washing your face or having a head bath until told so by the surgeon. Use a clean cloth to wet mop your face taking care to avoid water into the eyes. Use a separate wet towel to mop your hair. Avoid shaving for a week. Avoid strenuous exercises. The doctor and nursing staff will advise you if there are any activities you should avoid. Please consult our experts' help in case you have any doubts and don’t forget to get your eye checkup done at the right time. Please feel free to call us in case you have severe pain and redness, headache with vomiting and if your vision which was improving suddenly starts to decrease.

TONOMETRY – It is a test that measures the fluid pressures known as intraocular pressure (IOP), inside your eye. With this test your consultant can evaluate whether or not you may be at risk of Glaucoma. The progression stage of glaucoma and the effectiveness of treatment can be evaluated with this test, in a patient. THE VISUAL FIELD TEST – Produces a map of your complete vision. The peripheral or side vision (which is affected by Glaucoma) can be measured with the help of this test. The severity of your Glaucoma, Level of Vision Loss, Damage to the vision pathways of the brain and other optic nerve diseases can be determined by the results derived from this test.

Before you come in for your glaucoma surgery you will need to administer some special eye drops. These drops are very important as they will help to enlarge their pupil so that your doctor can see into the back of your eye during your surgery. You will be given two different types of single – dose eye drops to put in. To give the drops enough time to work you need to start using them ONE hour before your appointment time on the day of your operation. Start by putting one of the drops in the eye to be operated on, then wait for ONE minute before using the second type of eye drop. Please remember to wash your hands before and after you put in your drops. You will need to repeat this process until you have used all the drops. The last drop you can administer upon arrival at the hospital. Once you put these eye drops in you will not be able to travel alone, please make necessary arrangements for your travel to the hospital and back. When you arrive at Chaithanya Eye Hospital, a nurse will check your eyes to make sure you’re ready for surgery and may give you some more eye drops. For more information and assistance, please call us at 0471 29 555 00.

On the day of your Glaucoma surgery Please arrive promptly at the hospital for your surgery, but not more than 15 minutes early. You will need to check in at the reception desk when you arrive. A nurse/ optometrists will welcome and check your details. They will also ensure your eyes are sufficiently dilated. Additional drops may be given if needed. You will have some basic observations taken including your temperature, blood pressure and pulse. You may also have your blood sugar level checked if you are diabetic. A nurse will confirm which eye or eyes are being operated on, and will mark your forehead with an arrow using special disposable pen. Our surgeon may also briefly meet with you. You will be asked to hand over your belongs to the by stander for safe keeping whilst you are undergoing surgery. You will be taken to the anesthetic room where you will be looked after by the theatre team. They will help you onto a trolley, where you will be lying flat and put monitoring equipment on you to check your vital signs during surgery. The skin around your eyes will be sterilized with iodine swabs. Your eye or eyes will be anaesthetized so you won’t feel anything during operation – this may be using drops, an injection or both. You will be taken into the theatre on trolley and the theatre team will prepare you for surgery. The cataract procedure will be performed by the surgeon. You may hear machine noises during your surgery and may feel water on your face. This is all perfectly normal. The surgeon will tell when your operation is finished, which is approximately 20 – 30 minutes. Your eye will then be dressed with a protective shield. You will be helped off the trolley and staff will take you to the discharge lounge. The nurse in the discharge lounge will take your observations again and check you are feeling well enough to leave. You will be provided with eye drops to use after your operation to help your eye to heal, and instructions on how to look after your eye when you look after at home. Once you are happy with your discharge instructions you can go home. Following your surgery you will also be sent on appointment for post – operative review. This will either take place over the telephone or face – to- face in the hospital.

As the anesthetic wears off, there can be a dull ache or a sharp pain like something in the eye, felt in and around your eye. Your eye will also be red, watery and your vision may be very blurred. Your eye usually settles over two to four weeks after the operation although some patients take slightly longer. A slight feeling of grittiness or as if there is a foreign body in your eye can last several months after the operation, as the small wound gradually flattens. You should contact us if the pain, redness or blurred vision is getting worse rather than better.

Most side effects are mild, such as soreness, redness and bruising and you should easily recover from these. Below are some more serious possible complications. Please be aware that as long as you are regularly checked in the eye clinic, we should be able to identify and treat any problem quickly. Infection: if you ever get a red sticky eye with yellow discharge, you need to see an eye doctor as quickly as possible. Infection inside the eye (called endophthalmitis) is very rare, but can cause severe damage. This is treated with antibiotics. Loose stitches: stitches might become loose and cause your eye to become sore and red. Loose stitches need to be removed, usually in the eye clinic. Very high or low pressure: the pressure in your eye might go very high or very low in the first few weeks after the operation. This might need treatment with drops, medicine or more surgery.

A glaucoma surgery usually works and the pressure comes down, although sometimes more than one operation is needed.

If you have undergone any surgery or laser treatment for glaucoma, it is important to understand that these procedures are performed to reduce the intraocular pressure and are an attempt to restore the remaining vision. Follow the instructions of your doctor and attend follow up examinations as advised Follow the technique properly while instilling the medication into the eye so that the desired effect of medication is attained. Regular usage of medications Keeping alarms on your mobile phones will remind you to instil your medications on time Making a simple drug chart in a pocket diary as shown in the figure so that it can be noted and showed to your doctor as well. If you have any difficulty in instilling the medication or if you have any discomfort after using it, let your doctor know about it. You may not appreciate a change in vision but never stop the medications without consulting your doctor; this can lead to further vision compromise.

You are advised to be careful when washing. A clean face cloth can safely be used. Do not directly splash water into your face in the shower or immerse your head in the bath for one week after surgery.

Before LASIK, you’ll meet with a coordinator or eye surgeon who will talk about what to expect during and after the procedure. They’ll ask about your medical history and do a full eye exam. This may include tests to measure the thickness of your cornea, refraction, and eye pressure. They may map your corneas and dilate your pupils. The surgeon will answer any questions you may have. Then, you can schedule an appointment for the surgery. If you use rigid gas-permeable contact lenses, don’t wear them for at least 3 weeks before your evaluation. Don’t wear other types of contact lenses for at least 3 days prior to the evaluation. Be sure to bring your eyeglasses so the surgeon can review your prescription. On the day of your surgery, eat a light meal before going in, and take all of your prescribed medications. Don’t wear eye makeup or bulky accessories in your hair that might interfere with your head position. If you’re not feeling well that morning, call the doctor's office to ask what you should do.

Your doctor will give you drops to numb your eyes. You can also ask for a mild sedative. They’ll use an instrument called a microkeratome or a femtosecond laser to make a thin flap in your cornea. They’ll peel it back and use another laser to reshape the tissue underneath. Then, they’ll put the flap back in place, and the surgery is done. Learn more about the kinds of lasers used during LASIK eye surgery. The LASIK procedure itself usually takes about 20 minutes. Plan to have someone drive you home after surgery.

Your eyes will be dry, even though they may not feel that way. Your doctor will give you prescription eye drops to prevent infection and inflammation, as well as drops to keep your eyes moist. You might have a brief, Do not use any eye drops without asking your doctor about them. Your eyes will probably heal very quickly. Most patients notice better vision within a few days. Call your doctor if you have any problems or unusual side effects. Don’t swim or use a hot tub for 2 weeks after surgery. You might get a plastic shield to protect your eyes while you’re sleeping for a few days. Your doctor will tell you when to come back for follow-up visits. The first one will probably be a day or so after the procedure. Learn more about recovering from LASIK eye surgery.

Talk to your doctor about whether LASIK is right for you. You shouldn’t have the surgery if you: Are younger than 18 Are pregnant or nursing Take certain medications Have a lot of recent changes to your vision prescription Have thin or uneven corneas Have eye conditions such as glaucoma or very dry eyes Have other health issues such as diabetes, lupus, or rheumatoid arthritis Risks of LASIK surgery include: Dry eyes. Glare, halos and double vision. Undercorrections. Overcorrections. Astigmatism. Flap problems. Regression.

Poor Eye Contact Squinting Of Eyes Drooping Of Eyelid Shaking Of Eyeball Difficulty In Seeing Distance watching Tv Closely Redness/Discharge Rubbing Of Eyes Headache Abnormal Head Posture During Screen Time /Reading Redness/watering Squeezing of eyes Headache Frequent blinking

REFRACTIVE ERROR SQUINT AMBLYOPIA OR LAZY EYE ALLERGIC EYE PROBLEMS STYE RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY PAEDIATRIC CATARACT PAEDIATRIC GLAUCOMA PAEDIATRIC OCULOPLASTY & LACRIMAL PROBLEMS

ALL PRETERM BABIES – within 2 weeks of birth To rule out ROP To assess red reflex 6 MONTHS OF AGE , when parents note the following Squint Nystagmus Family history of eye disease BEFORE 3 YEARS OF AGE /BEFORE ADMISSION TO SCHOOL even if no complaints as unilateral cases will not have any symptoms and detected only during check up to rule out Refractive error Amblyopia

Two eyes are aligned in different direction when looking at an object It can be present at birth or develop later .Any squinting in a child persisting beyond 3 months of age in a child needs consultation.

There are six muscles of eye that control movement of eyeball, brain controls this eye muscles .Any imbalance in eye muscle coordination causes squint Reasons Can Be: Poor vision Refractive Nerve or muscle damage Rarely eye or brain tumour WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS? Crossed eye Reduced vision Abnormal head posture Double vision

If not treated early can lead to lazy eye and permanent loss of vision and binocularity (3D vision).

Varies with each individual depends on type and cause of squint Glass Patching Exercises Prism therapy Botox injection Surgery

YES ,there is no age limit for surgical correction but vision restoration possible if done in young age

Most squint surgery successfully align your eyes There can be mild soreness of eyes and redness that last last for few days Undercorrection or overcorrection Sometimes double vision that disappear within a week.

Anterior Uveitis Iritis – inflammation of the iris Cyclitis – inflammation of the ciliary body Iridocyclitis – inflammation of iris and ciliary body Intermediate uveitis – inflammation of the jelly-like structure in the eye called the vitreous Posterior uveitis – Inflammation of the retina & choroid Panuveitis – Inflammation of anterior and posterior segment

Your vision could get blurry. You might have redness, pain, inability to look at light or just floaters. It could come on slowly, or you could just wake up with it one morning. It could be in one or both eyes. Uveitis, per se affects the uvea, the layer providing blood supply and nutrition to different parts of the eye. But there could be associated inflammation of the transparent front part of the eye called the cornea, or the white part called the sclera.

Uveitis is one of the leading causes of loss of sight among working-age individuals. It may be associated with various conditions like cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment and damage to the optic nerve. If left untreated, uveitis can lead to serious consequences including blindness.

The treatment of uveitis includes eye drops, eye injections, oral medicines and retinal lasers depending upon the type and severity of the condition along with the systemic condition of the patient.

The total duration of the treatment depends on the severity of the disease condition, the response to treatment and the systemic condition of the patient. It may range from weeks to years in some individuals.

Uveitis can occur in any age group including children, adolescents, middle-aged individuals or the elderly.

Your eye could be pink if you have uveitis. But pink eye, also called conjunctivitis, isn’t the same thing. Pink eye is a common condition you get in the lining of your eye. It’s often brought on by allergies, viruses, or bacteria. Uveitis is rare and happens inside your eye. Only about 38 of every 100,000 people have it.

No, it’s not contagious and you don’t have to worry about catching uveitis, from someone.

Every individual must have an annual ophthalmic evaluation if they are above 40 years of age. If you have constant redness, pain, watering, floaters or decreased vision, it would be ideal to schedule an appointment with the ophthalmologist and get your eyes checked at the earliest. On consultation with our doctors, they can determine the best course of action for your visual needs, ensure the benefits of treatment and help you choose the best treatment for your vision care and improvement.

Is designed to restore the normal volume relationship between the orbital soft tissue and bony volume, thereby reducing orbital pressure, proptosis and, when present, compressive optic neuropathy. Numerous surgical techniques including removal of orbital fat and one or all of the 4 orbital walls are utilised to achieve these goals.

Our team will usually suggest you a consultation in Neuro-Ophthalmology after a comprehensive eye examination, in case you need special care. Often, the symptoms that prompt such a referral include those associated with optic nerve disease or diseases of the visual pathway (the nervous system component that connects the eyes to the brain). Other reasons could be the diseases affecting the pupils of the eye, and certain kinds of squint (especially paralytic). You must also consult a neuro ophthalmologist when there is sudden loss of vision, sudden onset of visual field defects, one has double vision or chronic progression of vision loss etc. A direct appointment with neuro-ophthalmologist can be scheduled if you are referred by neurologist or neurosurgeon for an eye check-up.

We provide comprehensive clinical care for all ages and for a broad spectrum of disorders including:- Sudden or gradual loss of Vision Blind Spots Double Vision Abnormalities of the pupils Droopy Eyelids Abnormal Alignment of the yes Abnormal Eye Movements Vision Loss from stroke or tumor We provide comprehensive, cutting - edge diagnostic testing, including a thorough eye exam, measuring visual acuity, pupil reactivity color vision, field of vision and ocular alignment. We conduct computerized vision field tests (Humphrey’s visual field, HVF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The tests advised and treatment suggested will depend on individual case diagnosis.

A comprehensive eye examination is always the mainstay of the disease diagnosis. In addition to this, your doctor will also advise one or more of these special tests to conclude to plan your treatment. These tests include: Detailed vision assessment Evaluation of contrast sensitivity and color vision Neurological visual fields screening Electrophysiology tests for optic nerve function and retinal function Orthoptic evaluation Evaluation of ocular movements Ptosis Evaluation Diplopia charting Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic nerve head Imaging studies including CT scan, MRI and MR venogram Lumbar puncture

Uveitis is one of the leading causes of loss of sight among working-age individuals. It may be associated with various conditions like cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment and damage to the optic nerve. If left untreated, uveitis can lead to serious consequences including blindness.

Vision test Colour vision test Automated Visual Fields OCT VEP, ERG MRI Brain and Orbit MR arteriogram or venogram Brain and Neck Vessels CT Brain and Orbit CT Angiogram of Brain Carotid and Vertebral Doppler Blood tests when required.

Ocular headache may occur due to reduced blood flow or spasms of blood vessels in retina or behind the eye. Regular headache may cause like migraine, tension type headache, vascular headache, Non Vascular Headache , posterior scleritis, optic neuritis, malignant hypertension etc. Headaches are common presentation in ophthalmic clinics. It is important to take a clear detailed history of the headaches/ ocular or facial pain, focusing on its frequency, location, duration, intensity,course, triggers and family history of headaches. It is also important to perform a detailed ophthalmic examination to identify any ocular causes. Most patients would need neuro – imaging and might need further referrals to appropriate medical specialties.

Your vision depends on a healthy eye to receive information and a healthy brain to process that information. The nerves in the eye travel from the eye through the brain to the occipital cortex at the back of the brain allowing you to see. Most strokes affect one side of the brain. Nerves from each eye travel together in the brain, so both eyes are affected. If the right side of your brain is damaged, the left side vision in each eye may be affected. It is rare both sides of the brain to be affected by stroke and thus impact in vision. 56. WHY DO YOU NEED AN OCULAR ONCOLOGIST? Ocular cancers are unique among the diseases of the eye, posing a threat to both vision and life. Most cases require a careful clinical history and specialized ocular examination. Ocular oncology diagnosis relies heavily on imaging techniques such as high-frequency Ultrasound, Fluorescein angiography, anterior and posterior segment Optical Coherence Tomography, Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Once we arrive at a diagnosis, treatment decisions depend on the tumour’s location, size, local extension, patterns of growth, and secondary complications. Treatment options include observation, local resection, chemotherapy (topical, intravenous, intra-arterial, or intravitreal), and radiation. Enucleation or exenteration is employed only if these eye- and vision-sparing treatments are not possible. Upon Arrival at Trauma & Emergency Care Please fill in the form at the welcome kiosk and pass it over to the reception. The receptionist shall ask you some personal details so that they can register the patient details onto our system. And the patient will be assessed by our medical professional. This process helps us decide how urgent your eye problem is and how vital for you to be seen on the same day on a priority basis. Please remember that the decision made about your treatment is based upon clinical expertise and your individual needs. Based on the initial assessment one of the following may happen:- You will be examined by a nurse who will ask some questions, check your vision and carry of any relevant tests, after which you will be seen by our consultant and give you the appropriate treatment services. You may be given appointment for the very next day for further detailed checkup and treatment services. You may be asked to return to Chaithanya Eye Hospital & Research Institute at a different date and time. You may be told that there is no case of emergency treatment required. General ophthalmology department clear mainly in Checking vision and prescribing spectacles. Infective conditions of lids, adnexa, conjunctiva and cornea. Injuries to the eye : Blunt injury, penetrating injury, chemical injuries Allergic condition involving anterior segment of eye. Evaluating and treating ocular causes of headache. Other disorder of eye.

Direct microscopy, bacterial, fungal and mycobacterial culture along with antimicrobial sensitivity testing is done routinely from all types of ophthalmic samples such as swabs, scrapings and fluids.

In the near future our molecular diagnostic lab will be coming up with PAN – bacterial and PAN fungal PCR with a battery of other molecular diagnostic cards that will be covering the various types of eye infections